A federal judge has blocked Immigration and Customs Enforcement from making most arrests at three New York City immigration courthouses, ruling that the practice prevents individuals from safely pursuing their legal cases. The decision directly challenges current enforcement priorities and restricts federal agents from detaining immigrants at courthouses except in cases involving serious public safety threats.

Court Reverses Position After Government Flip-Flop

Judge George Castel issued the ruling after government lawyers reversed their earlier position, acknowledging that 2025 Trump administration policies on courthouse arrests did not actually apply to immigration courts. The judge stated this reversal required him to correct a clear error and prevent manifest injustice. He determined that the withdrawal of Obama-era policies protecting courthouse attendees would likely be found arbitrary and capricious in ongoing litigation brought by the New York Civil Liberties Union and allied organizations.

The ruling affects immigration courts at three Manhattan locations: 26 Federal Plaza, 201 Varick Street, and 290 Broadway. Federal agents retain authority to detain individuals at other locations away from these courthouses. Judge Castel emphasized balancing strong governmental interest in immigration enforcement against individuals’ ability to attend removal proceedings and pursue asylum claims without fear of arrest.

Immigration Advocates Celebrate Restriction

Amy Belsher, director of the NYCLU’s Immigrants’ Rights Litigation, called the decision an enormous win for noncitizen New Yorkers seeking safe courthouse access. Beth Baltimore from The Door’s Legal Services Center said the ruling brings hope to young members who were terrified to attend required court appearances. The lawsuit was filed last August on behalf of African Communities Together and The Door, two immigrant advocacy organizations serving vulnerable populations.

Homeland Security Vows Appeal

The Department of Homeland Security issued a sharp response, calling it common sense to take illegal aliens into custody following removal proceedings. The agency stated that nothing prohibits arresting a lawbreaker where they are found and expressed confidence in ultimate vindication. Justice Department lawyers declined comment on the ruling. The decision does not apply nationwide and affects only the three specified Manhattan immigration court locations, though it sets precedent for potential challenges in other jurisdictions.